| 室温磁制冷最新研究进展 |
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刘 敏 俞炳丰 胡张保
(西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院 西安 710049)
摘 要：室温磁制冷作为一种高效环保的新制冷技术，具备十分广阔的应用前景。文章阐述了室温磁制冷中磁性材料的最新发展情况，分析了磁Brayton与磁Ericsson制冷循环的热力特性，讨论了基于非Darcy效应的活性蓄冷器的多孔介质模型，介绍了新型室温磁制冷样机，并指出了室温磁制冷研究的方向。关键词 热工学； 室温磁制冷； 磁性材料； 制冷循环； 活性蓄冷器； 热力分析； 多孔介质中图分类号： TB61;TB66;O441 文献标识码：A |
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New Development of Research on Room Temperature Magnetic Refrigeration
Liu Min☆, Yu Bingfeng and Hu Zhangbao
☆School of Power and Engineering, Xi`an Jiaotong University, Xi`an,710049, China AbstractRoom temperature magnetic refrigeration is a new highly efficient and environmentally protective technology, and it shows a great applicable prosperity. In this paper, the new development of the magnetic material is described. The thermal dynamic characters of magnetic refrigeration cycles are analyzed. The porous media model of active regenerator of room temperature refrigeration is discussed based on non-Darcian effects. Some new-style prototypes of room temperature refrigeration are presented. The further research of room temperature magnetic refrigeration is suggested.
KeywordsPyrology; Room temperature magnetic refrigeration; Magnetic material; Refrigeration cycle; Active regenerator; Thermal dynamic analysis; Porous media |
| 氨制冷技术的应用现状及发展趋势 |
杨一凡
(中国制冷学会 北京 100036) |
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摘 要:剖析氨制冷剂的特点，分析国内外氨制冷系统的应用现状和存在的问题；从氨制冷系统优化、控制技术提高、安全性保障、氨系统小型化以及我国在氨制冷系统设计规范、设计手册中对安全性的要求等多个方面阐述氨制冷技术的发展趋势和尚需逐步解决的问题；提出简化氨制冷系统的具体思路；指出我国应加速研发小型氨制冷压缩机，重视氨制冷设备及应用的理论与试验研究，以简化系统、推进小型化进程，拓展氨制冷系统的应用领域
关键词:热工学； 氨制冷系统； 安全； 应用现状； 发展趋势
中图分类号：TB61; TB641 文献标识码：A |
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Application and Development of Ammonia Refrigeration Technology
Yang Yifan☆
☆Chinese Association of Refrigeration，Beijing,100036,China
AbstractIn this paper, the characteristics of ammonia refrigerant are described. The application status and existing problems of ammonia refrigeration systems both in China and abroad are analyzed. The development trends of ammonia refrigeration technology including system optimization, improvement of control technology, safety guarantee, and miniaturization of ammonia systems are discussed. Moreover, some main problems to be solved according to safety requirements of Design Codes and Manuals of ammonia refrigeration systems are indicated. In addition, the ideas of simplifying ammonia systems are presented. It is suggested that the development of small-scale ammonia refrigerant compressors should be speeded up, and the theoretical and experimental studies both on ammonia refrigeration equipment and on practical applications should be emphasized in China.
KeywordsPyrology; Ammonia refrigeration systems; Safety; Application status; Development Trends |
| 系列单压缩机混合工质深冷冰箱 |
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公茂琼1 吴剑峰1 胡勤国1 郭平1 周远1 罗二仓1 李佐2 胡效宗2
（1.中国科学院理化技术研究所 北京 100080； 2.中科美菱低温科技有限责任公司 合肥 231633） |
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摘 要:生物活性材料的低温保存具有重要的意义，而不同存储温度决定了其活性存储时间。介绍了基于深冷混合工质节流制冷机的新型系列单压缩机深冷冰箱的研制。新型单压缩机深冷冰箱共划分为四种温区系列，工作温区覆盖从-40°C至-150°C范围，可以满足各种生物材料、医药等不同的保存需求。重点介绍了新型混合工质深冷冰箱的制冷系统组成及性能，同时与现有深冷冰箱技术进行了比较，新型单压缩机深冷冰箱在极限温度、降温速率以及功耗等方面具有非常明显的优势。 关键词:热工学； 深冷冰箱； 混合工质； 节流制冷机； 低温保存
中图分类号：TB657；TQ051.5 文献标识码：A |
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Development of Series Cryofreezers Based on the Single-compressor Low-temperature Mixture Refrigerator
Gong Maoqiong☆, Wu Jianfeng, Hu Qinguo, Guo Ping, Zhou Yuan, Luo Ercang, Li Zuo and Hu Xiaozong
☆Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
AbstractThe effective cryo-preservation period of biological materials is strongly dependent on the low temperature provided. In our research, series freezers were developed for biological materials preservation based on the multicomponent zeotropic mixture throttling refrigeration technology. Providing cryo-preservation temperature ranges from -40°C to -150°C, the present freezers can be divided into four working temperature series, which can provide different cryo-preservation periods for different bio-materials. The details of the design and fabrication of the freezers were also discussed.
KeywordsPyrology; Cryofreezer; Mixed-refrigerants; Throttle refrigerator; Cryo-preservation |
| 半封闭活塞式制冷压缩机低温工况应用R404A的实验研究 |
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秦海杰 于世涛 刘景林
(大连三洋压缩机有限公司 大连 116033) |
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摘 要:通过对大连三洋压缩机有限公司生产的半封闭活塞式制冷压缩机C-L150M82，分别应用R404A与R22在低温工况下的对比实验研究，来分析使用环保型制冷剂R404A替换R22的可行性。实验研究表明：第一，半封闭活塞式制冷压缩机在保持配置不变的条件下，在低温工况下，保持冷凝温度不变，使用R404A比使用R22制冷量有明显提升，随着蒸发温度的降低制冷量可提升10%～30%；第二，在冷凝温度不变条件下，使用R404A可以达到-45℃蒸发温度；第三，使用R404A后压缩机排气温度比R22有明显降低；第四，过冷过热循环对R404A系统都有明显的性能改善。
关键词:动力机械工程； R404A； 实验研究； 半封闭活塞式制冷压缩机
中图分类号：TB652；TQ051.5 文献标识码：A |
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Study on Low Temperature Applications of R404A for Semi-hermetic Reciprocating Refrigeration Compressor
Qin Haijie☆，Yu Shitao and Liu Jinglin
☆Dalian Sanyo Compressor Co.,Ltd.,Dalian,Liaoning,116033,China
AbstractExperiments on a reciprocating compressor C-L150M82 using R404A and R22 were con ducted under low temperature working conditions. The feasibility of replacing R22 with R404A was analyzed based on the experimental data. The results show that with the same configuration and under the low temperature working condition, the refrigerating capacity of the compressor with R404A is greatly higher than that with R22, if the condensing temperature does not change. With the falling of evaporating temperature, the capacity can rise by 10%-30%. Moreover, at the same condensing temperature, the evaporating temperature for the compressor using R404A can reach -45℃. Furthermore, the discharge temperature of the compressor using R404A is lower than that using R22 significantly. In addition, the application of both superheat and subcool recycles can improve the performance of R404A refrigeration system.
KeywordsPower machinery and engineering; R404A; Experimental Study; Semi-hermetic reciprocating refrigeration compressor |
| 低温相变蓄冷纳米流体成核过冷度的实验研究 |
何钦波1 童明伟2 刘玉东2
(1.顺德职业技术学院 顺德 528300；2.重庆大学动力工程学院 重庆 400030) |
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摘 要:在共晶盐BaCl2水溶液中添加亲水性分散剂，经过超声振动制备了粒径为20nm四种不同体积分数的TiO2_BaCl2_H2O纳米流体。对BaCl2水溶液和纳米流体同步进行蓄冷实验，实验表明：加入纳米TiO2粉体后，可大幅度降低BaCl2水溶液的结晶成核过冷度，并且纳米流体的起始成核时间比BaCl2水溶液提前，结晶结束所花时间也要大大少于BaCl2水溶液。最后对纳米粒子影响基液的结晶机理进行了分析。
关键词:热工学； 纳米流体； 相变蓄冷； 过冷度； TiO2
中图分类号：TB61;TK121 文献标识码：A |
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Experimental Study on Super-cooling Degree of Nanofluids for Cryogenic Cool Storage
He Qinbo☆, Tong Mingwei and Liu Yudong
☆Shunde Polytechnic,Shunde,Guangdong,528300,China
AbstractFour different concentration TiO2_BaCl2_H2O nanofluids with 20nm TiO2 were prepared by supersonic oscillator through adding hydrophilic dispersant into BaCl2 solution. BaCl2_H2O and TiO2_BaCl2_H2O nanofluids were tested experimentally.The results show that nanofluids have remarkably lower super-cooling degree than BaCl2_H2O,and the beginning nucleation time of nanofluids is ahead of BaCl2_H2O. Moreover, their crystallization time is lower than that of BaCl2_H2O.Also,the crystallization mechanism was analyzed for the influence of the nano TiO2 particles on BaCl2_H2O.
KeywordsPyrology; Nanofluids; Cool storage; Super-cooling degree; TiO2 |
| 低温相变蓄冷纳米流体成核过冷度的实验研究 |
何钦波1 童明伟1 刘玉东 2
(1.顺德职业技术学院 顺德 528300；2.重庆大学动力工程学院 重庆 400030) |
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摘 要:在共晶盐BaCl2水溶液中添加亲水性分散剂，经过超声振动制备了粒径为20nm四种不同体积分数的TiO2_BaCl2_H2O纳米流体。对BaCl2水溶液和纳米流体同步进行蓄冷实验，实验表明：加入纳米TiO2粉体后，可大幅度降低BaCl2水溶液的结晶成核过冷度，并且纳米流体的起始成核时间比BaCl2水溶液提前，结晶结束所花时间也要大大少于BaCl2水溶液。最后对纳米粒子影响基液的结晶机理进行了分析。 关键词:热工学； 纳米流体； 相变蓄冷； 过冷度； TiO2
中图分类号：TB61;TK121 文献标识码：A |
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Experimental Study on Super-cooling Degree of Nanofluids for Cryogenic Cool Storage
He Qinbo☆, Tong Mingwei and Liu Yudong
☆Shunde Polytechnic,Shunde,Guangdong,528300,China
AbstractFour different concentration TiO2_BaCl2_H2O nanofluids with 20nm TiO2 were prepared by supersonic oscillator through adding hydrophilic dispersant into BaCl2 solution. BaCl2_H2O and TiO2_BaCl2_H2O nanofluids were tested experimentally.The results show that nanofluids have remarkably lower super-cooling degree than BaCl2_H2O,and the beginning nucleation time of nanofluids is ahead of BaCl2_H2O. Moreover, their crystallization time is lower than that of BaCl2_H2O. Also, the crystallization mechanism was analyzed for the influence of the nano TiO2 particles on BaCl2_H2O.
KeywordsPyrology; Nanofluids; Cool storage; Super-cooling degree; TiO2 |
| 高温工质HFC236ea热物性数学模型及其lgp-h图 |
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张吉礼1 张淑彦 2 马志先 1
(1.哈尔滨工业大学市政环境工程学院 哈尔滨 150090；2.燕山大学 秦皇岛 066004) |
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摘 要:高温工质热物性及其完整数学描述是推广应用该类工质的基础，HFC236ea是一种被看好的远期替代CFC11和HCFC123的理想候选工质，也是CFC114较合适的替代品。以试验数据为基础，采用Soave-Redlich-Kwong方程，辩识了HFC236ea的状态方程；基于基团原理，建立了HFC236ea的气体定压比热容模型；由Clausius-Clapegron方程得到了HFC236ea的汽化潜热模型；利用多项式模型，拟合了HFC236ea的粘度、导热系数等迁移性质模型；最后，根据计算结果，绘制了lgp-h图。结果表明，上述模型和图表的精度能够满足HFC236ea在设备研发和制造中的应用要求。
关键词:工程热物理； HFC236ea； 热力性质模型； 迁移性质模型； 数据拟合； lgp-h图
中图分类号：TB61+2；TK121 文献标识码：A |
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Modeling of Thermodynamic Properties and Transport Properties of HFC236ea and its lgp-h Diagram
Zhang Jili☆,Zhang Shuyan and Ma Zhixian
☆Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin,150090,China
AbstractBased on the experimental results, thermodynamic properties models and transport properties models of HFC236ea were established. The state equation of HFC236ea was regressed on the basis of Soave-Redlich-Kwong model. The evaporation latent heat model of HFC236ea was achieved by Clausius-Clapegron equation. Coefficient of viscosity, coefficient of heat transfer and other transport properties equations of HFC236ea were built by various polynomial models. In addition, the lgp-hdiagram of HFC236ea was drawn out according to the thermodynamic properties models. The error analysis shows that the present models can meet the calculation precision requirement.
KeywordsEngineering thermophysics; HFC236ea; Thermodynamic properties model; Transport properties model; Data regression； Lgp-h diagram |
| 静态下HCFC141b水合反应过程的物质输运 |
陈美园 舒碧芬 沈 辉 孙建伟 王 响
（中山大学太阳能系统研究所 广州 510006） |
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摘 要:实验研究了静态条件下HCFC141b气体水合物水合反应过程，主要研究了在反应中合适放置小铁丝及添加表面活性剂SDBS（十二烷基苯磺酸钠）时对改善水合物生成性能的影响，并首次着重对反应过程中界面状况及水的质量传输过程进行观测和讨论。发现当SDBS与铁丝存在时，水在表面作用下沿着玻璃壁面绕过HCFC141b往下传输到与水合物接触，与水合物内部的游离水构成一体，再不断向水合物与HCFC141b接触的地方推进，形成新的水合物。
关键词:工程热物理；蓄能；气体水合物；实验；生成过程；传质
中图分类号：TB61；TK121 文献标识码：A |
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Mass Transfer in HCFC141b Gas Hydrates Formation under Static State
Chen Meiyuan☆, Shu Bifen, Shen Hui, Sun Jianwei and Wang Xiang
☆ Institute for Solar Energy System of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou,510006,China
AbstractUnder the experimental static condition，the HCFC141b gas hydrate formation process was studied to improve the hydrate formation performance with a small iron rod placed in appropriately and SDBS(sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate) added. The contact surface condition and the water mass transfer process were mainly observed and discussed. It is found that when SDBS and the iron rod existed the water bypassed HCFC141b under some surface effects along the glass surface downward to contact the hydrate and constituted a body with the free water in the hydrate. Then the water advanced continuously at the contact place of the hydrate and the HCFC141b and the new hydrate was formed.
Keywords Engineering thermophysics; Gas hydrate; Experimentation; Formation process; Mass transfer |
| 冷热水联供机组性能实验研究 |
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孙志高1 王如竹2
（1.中山大学工学院 广州 510275；2.上海交通大学制冷与低温研究所 上海 200030） |
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摘 要:建立了燃气内燃机驱动的冷热水联供系统，测量了空调名义工况条件下机组的制冷和供热性能，并实验研究了内燃机的转速对机组制冷和供热的影响特性。实验结果表明系统在空调名义工况条件下的制冷量467.1kW，供热量为148.7kW，一次能源利用率达1.9，与常规电制冷+锅炉供热相比能源节约率达37.8%。在实验测试的内燃机转速范围内制冷系统的制冷量和余热回收供热量随内燃机转速的降低而降低，但制冷系统和冷热水联供系统能源利用率均随内燃机转速的降低而升高，表明机组在部分负荷运行时，应优先调节内燃机的转速，从而确保系统具有较高的能源利用率。该联供系统有效回收利用了内燃机的余热，提高了能源利用率，商业化前景较好。 关键词:动力机械工程；燃气内燃机；冷热水联供；蒸气压缩制冷；余热回收
中图分类号：TU831.8；TB61 文献标识码：A |
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Experimental Investigation on Combined Cold and Heat Unit
Sun Zhigao☆ and Wang Ruzhu
☆Engineering School, Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou,510275,China
AbstractA combined cold and heat system driven by a gas engine was set up. The performance of cooling and heating was tested under the nominal conditions of air conditioning. The results show that the cooling heating capacity was 476.1 kW and 148.7 kW, respectively. Primary energy rate was about 1.9 and energy saving ratio is 37.8%, compared with the conventional cooling and heating system. The effect of the gas engine speed on cooling and heating capacity was also tested. Cooling and heating capacity of the combined system decreased with the decrease of the gas engine speed, but primary energy rate increased with the decrease of the gas engine speed. It may be suggested that the speed of the gas engine be prior to all control parameters under part-load conditions to ensure higher primary energy rate of the system.
KeywordsPower machinery and Engineering; Gas engine; Combined cold and heat; Vapor compression refrigeration; Recovery of waste heat
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| 牛乳比热与贮藏温度和时间关系的实验研究 |
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谷雪莲 华泽钊
(上海理工大学医疗器械与食品学院 上海 200093) |
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摘 要:利用差示扫描量热仪（Differential Scanning Calorimeter，DSC）测量了牛乳分别在277.15K、283.15K、288.15K、298.15K存放1～5天后的比热变化。研究结果表明，与新鲜牛乳的比热（326.15K～338.15 K）相比，在277.15K、283.15K存放2天内，牛乳的比热没有显著的变化，而在288.15K、298.15K存放1天后，牛乳的比热有显著的变化。新鲜牛乳在277.15K、283.15K、288.15K、298.15K存放5天后, 其比热(约329.15K)由3.870×10-3J/（kg?K）增加至3.939×10-3J/（kg?K）,3.945×10-3J/（kg?K）,3.961×10-3J/（kg?K）,3.962×10-3J/（kg?K）。以牛乳存放277.15K下1～５天后，各营养成分随存放时间的变化为例，对牛乳的比热进行了估算。牛乳比热的估算结果小于比热实测值。存放不同时间的牛乳比热 实测值变化量与估算值的变化量之间的偏差小于0.008×10-3J/（kg?K）。 关键词:食品包装与储藏；差示扫描量热法；比热；牛乳；冷藏链
中图分类号：TS205；TB66 文献标识码：A |
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Experimental Study on Milk Specific Heat in Different Storage Conditions
Gu Xuelian☆,Hua Zezhao
☆Department of medical equipment and food, Shanghai University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093，China
AbstractSpecific heat of cup-packaged milk was measured when the milk was stored at 277.15K，283.15K，288.15K，and 298.15K for one to five days with Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), respectively. The results show that the change of milk specific heat was not obvious for the storage in the first two days at 277.15K and 283.15K, while it was obvious for one day storage at 288.15K and 298.15K compared with the fresh milk at 326.15K―338.15K. When the milk was stored in experimental temperatures for five days, the milk specific heat (at 329.15K) increased from 3.870×10-3J/（kg?K）to 3.939×10-3J/（kg?K）, 3.945×10-3J/（kg?K）, 3.961×10-3J/（kg?K）, 3.962×10-3J/（kg?K）, respectively. The specific heat was estimated by taking example for cup-packaged milk stored at 277.15K for one day to five days. The difference of the variation in specific heat between measurement and value estimated is less than 0.008×10-3J/（kg?K）.
KeywordPackage and preservation of food; Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC); Specific heat; Milk; Cold chain
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| 新齿型内螺纹传热管蒸发性能研究 |
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邓 斌1 王 凯1 陶文铨2
（1.金龙精密铜管集团股份有限公司 上海 200135;2.西安交通大学动力工程多相流国家重点实验室 西安 710049）
摘 要:针对开发的瘦齿、交叉齿、光管及普通齿型内螺纹传热管单管蒸发传热实验数据进行了对比，相同工况下，各传热管管内换热系数均随着冷媒流量的增大而增大，交叉齿管换热系数比瘦齿管高出10％，瘦齿管换热系数高出普通齿管10％左右。四种齿型中，交叉齿管管内压降最大，光管其次，瘦齿管比普通齿管略有增加。相同结构尺寸，相同工况下，利用稳态分布参数模型，对以上四种内螺纹传热管蒸发器传热和流动性能进行了数值模拟分析比较。结果表明，交叉齿管蒸发器换热量最大，瘦齿管稍差，普通齿管其次，但均好于光管。整个流量变化范围内，4种蒸发器压降变化都相差不大，光管蒸发器压降变化较其它管型略有增加。研究结果对内螺纹传热管的开发和研究具有指导意义。 关键词:工程热物理； 内螺纹传热管； 蒸发传热； 实验研究； 数值模拟
中图分类号：TB657；TQ051.6 文献标识码：A |
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Evaporation Performance Research of New Micro-fin Copper Tube
Deng bin☆,Wang kai and Tao Wenquan
☆Golden Dragon Precise Copper Tube Group Inc., Shanghai, 200135, China
AbstractThe evaporation heat transfer was experimentally investigated for the slim, cross, smooth and general micro-fin tubes in our study. The results show that the heat transfer coefficients increase with the refrigerant mass flow rate for all tested tubes. The heat transfer coefficient of the cross micro-fin tube is 10% higher than that of the slim micro-fin tube, and again the latter is 10% higher than that of the general micro-fin tube. The pressure drop of the cross micro-fin tube is higher than that of the other micro-fin tubes. Based on the steady state distributed parameter model and the same configuration and test conditions, the performance of evaporators using the these four micro-fin tubes were calculated and compared with each other. The results indicate that the performance of the cross micro-fin tube evaporator is superior to the other evaporators. The pressure drop for the four evaporators is almost identical with a slightly higher pressure drop for the smooth tube evaporator.
KeywordsEngineering thermophysics; Micro-fin tube; Evaporation; Experimental research; Numerical simulation |
| 黄金梨低温减压保鲜贮藏的实验研究 |
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王 莹
（哈尔滨商业大学 哈尔滨 150028）
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摘 要:简述了果蔬低温减压保鲜贮藏技术的原理和特点，并以黄金梨为研究对象，进行多种温度和压力条件下该种果蔬低温减压保鲜贮藏的实验研究。根据大量的实验数据，对不同贮藏工况下的贮藏规律、效果、失水率等多种因素进行分析，得到低温减压保鲜贮藏条件下，适合黄金梨的贮藏参数规律。 关键词:园艺学； 蔬菜冷链； 低温减压贮藏； 黄金梨
中图分类号：TS205；TB66 文献标识码：A |
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Experimental Study on Hypobaric and Refrigerated Storage of the Gold-pears
Wang Ying☆
☆Harbin University of Commerce,Harbin,150028,China
AbstractExperimental studies were conducted at different pressures and temperatures for hypobaric and refrigerated storage of gold-pears. Several factors such as storage effects, water losing rate at different storage conditions were analyzed. In addition, the suitable storage parameters for the gold-pears during hypobaric and refrigerated storage conditions were obtained.
KeywordsHorticulture； Vegetable cold chain； Hypobaric and refrigerated storage； Gold-pear |
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