| 闭式环路型自激振荡热管的实验研究进展［刊，中］ |
刘利华
(浙江理工大学建筑环境与设备工程系，杭州310033)
制冷学报 .-2008，29（1）.－1～7 |
| 摘 要 自激振荡热管是一种可用于电子冷却的微通道传热元件，而无阀闭式环路型自激振荡热管（简称CLSOHP）由于具有特别的优势极可能用作电子散热装置．文章主要介绍了CLSOHP的工作原理，总结了影响其传热性能的因素，综述了目前在常壁温和常热流两种边界下已有的实验研究成果．通过对已有实验结果和装置的分析，提出了现有实验研究中的若干问题，为改进装置和提高实验结果的准确性提出了一些研究方向．图5参23
关键词：动力机械工程；电子冷却技术；自激振荡热管；常壁温边界；常热流边界；传热性能
电话：0571-88489722 E-mail：llh_zju@126.com |
Experimental Study on Close Loop Self-oscillating Heat Pipe : A state of the art Review
LIU Li-hua
Building Environment and Equipment Engineering Dept., Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310033,China
Abstract Self-oscillating heat pipes are micro-channel heat-dispersing devices for electronics cooling, and it seems that close loop self-oscillating heat pipes (CLSOHP) without check valves can be used in electronics cooling for their special advantages. In this paper, the working principle of CLSOHP is described and the factors of affecting its thermal performance are summarized. The experimental results at the condition of constant temperature and constant heat input are reviewed. Some research directions are proposed for improving the device and enhancing the accuracy of experimental results.23 Refs. In Chinese.
Keywords Power Machinery and engineering; Electronics cooling technology; Self-oscillating heat pipe; Constant temperature condition; Constant heat input; Thermal performance
TEL：0571-88489722 E-mail：llh_zju@126.com |
| 双组分纳米流体强化泡状吸收过程的实验研究［刊，中］ |
苏风民 马学虎 陈嘉宾 韩振兴
(大连理工大学化学工程研究所，大连116012)
制冷学报 .-2008，29（1）.－8～12 |
| 摘 要 文章的主要目的是利用双组分纳米流体作为吸收工作介质来强化NH3/H2O泡状吸收的过程．在实验中，配制了稳定的CNTs-ammonia双组分纳米流体，并利用泡状吸收实验装置进行了双组分纳米流体的泡状吸收实验．对颗粒的质量百分比和氨的初始浓度等因素对双组分纳米流体强化泡状吸收过程的影响进行了系统的实验研究，并分析了其强化机理．实验结果表明，CNTs-ammonia双组分纳米流体的吸收强化效果随着纳米碳管质量百分比的增加而先增加后下降，并且随着纳米流体中氨的初始浓度的增加而增加．图7表3参13
关键词：工程热物理；吸收强化因子；泡状吸收；双组分纳米流体；纳米碳管
电话：0411-3676164 E-mail：xuehuma@dlut.edu.cn |
Experimental Study on Enhancement of Bubble Absorption with Binary Nanofluid
SU Feng-min,MA X H, CHEN J B et al
Institute of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
Abstract The experiment was conducted to explore the influences of some factors on the heat and mass transfer enhancement of NH3/H2O bubble absorption using carbon nanotubes(CNTs)-ammonia nanofluids as the working medium. The mechanism of the binary nanofluids enhancing bubble absorption was discussed accordingly. The results show that the effective absorption ratio increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of the mass fraction of CNTs. Moreover, the effective absorption ratio increases with the initial concentration of ammonia.13Refs. In Chinese.
Keywords Engineering thermophysics; Effective absorption ratio; Bubble absorption; Binary nanofluid; Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)
TEL：0411-3676164 E-mail：xuehuma@dlut.edu.cn |
| 超临界二氧化碳在套管内换热的实验研究［刊，中］ |
候晓飞 诸凯 付萌 吕静
(天津商业大学天津市制冷技术重点实验室，天津300134)
制冷学报 .-2008，29（1）.－13～16 |
| 摘 要 对超临界CO2在套管内的换热特性进行了实验研究，探讨了超临界CO2换热过程中，质量流率、压力和入口温度的变化对换热性能特性和压降的影响．实验得出，换热系数随着质量流率的增加而增加；而换热系数随压力的增加而减少；入口温度的变化对换热系数基本没有影响；压降随着入口温度的升高而逐渐增大；并给出了Re和Nu数的变化规律．研究为超临界二氧化碳换热器的设计提供了依据．图9参6
关键词：热工学；换热系数；压降；超临界二氧化碳
E-mail：hxf_538@163.com |
Experimental Study on Heat Transfer of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in Tube
ZHU K, FU M et al
Building Environment and Equipment Engineering Dept., Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310033,China
Abstract The experiment was conducted to investigate the heat transfer of supercritical carbon dioxide in tubes. The effects of mass flux, pressure and inlet temperature on heat transfer characteristics and pressure drop were analyzed. The results show that the heat transfer coefficient is directly proportional to the mass flux, and it decreases with the increase of the pressure and does not vary with the inlet temperature. In addition, the pressure drop increases with the increase of the inlet temperature.6 Refs. In Chinese.
Keywords Pyrology; Heat transfer coefficient; Pressure drop; Supercritical carbon dioxide
E-mail：hxf_538@163.com |
| 不同环境参数对间冷式冰箱蒸发器结霜换热性能的影响［刊，中］ |
罗超 黄兴华 陈江平
(上海交通大学制冷与低温工程研究所,上海200240)
制冷学报 .-2008，29（1）.－17～22 |
| 摘 要 文章对一个典型间冷式冰箱的冷藏室蒸发器在不同的环境参数下进行了结霜工况的实验研究，研究了空气流速、空气相对湿度、制冷剂流量等对蒸发器性能的影响．考察时间为6~8小时，与实际应用相符，给出了换热量、空气侧压降、结霜量在结霜过程中的动态变化规律．结果表明不同的环境参数对结霜的影响差别较大．在各参数随时间的变化中，空气侧压降呈指数关系增长，结霜量呈直线关系增长．图11表2参10
关键词：热工学；结霜；翅片管蒸发器；性能
电话：021-34206562 E-mail：luochao1203@sjtu.edu.cn |
Effect of Different Parameters on Frosting of Evaporator in Frost-free Refrigerator
LUO Chao,HUANG X H,CHEN J P
School of Mechanical Eng., Shanghai Jiaotong Univ., Shanghai 200240, China
Abstract The experiment was conducted to investigate the frosting performance of a finned-tube evaporator used in the storage room of a frost-free refrigerator. The frosting process lasted 6-8 hours. The effects of the frontal air velocity, inlet air humidity and refrigerant flux on the performance of the evaporator were examined. The dynamic variations of the refrigerating capacity, air side pressure drop and frost amount on the evaporator in the frosting process were presented. The results show that different condition factors have distinct effect on frosting. In the frosting process, the air pressure drop increases exponentially and the amount of frost increases linearly with time.10Refs. In Chinese.
Keywords Pyrology; Frost; Finned-tube evaporator; Performance
TEL：021-34206562 E-mail：luochao1203@sjtu.edu.cn |
| 铁路冷藏运输主要技术条件的研究［刊，中］ |
孙金平 韩伯领 刘广海
(铁道科学研究院,北京100081)
制冷学报 .-2008，29（1）.－23～27 |
| 摘 要 铁路冷藏运输作为我国食品冷藏链的重要环节，对食品安全供应和流通质量起着重要作用．铁路现有冷藏运输条件标准较低，不能满足当今市场供应要求，有必要依食品贮运要求进行更新提高，以有效提高铁路冷藏运输水平，提高食品质量及安全性。在充分研究借鉴国内外相关食品标准的基础上，结合我国国情、路情和易腐产品市场发展需求等情况，全面系统地对铁路冷藏运输技术条件进行了更新修订，补充完善了关键质量指标，严格了各项运输指标．文章介绍了其中的关键技术指标的确定过程．参6
关键词：食品加工及贮藏；铁路运输；冷藏条件；技术条件修订；食品质量
电话：010-51849362 E-mail：sjp@rails.com.cn |
Research on Key Technical Standards of Railway Refrigerated Transport
SUN Jin-ping,HAN B L, LIU G H
China Academy of Railway Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Abstract It is necessary to raise the current food preserving standards to meet the requirement of food quality and safety in railway refrigerated transport. In our research, the analysis on domestic and international food standards were performed. The current situation of the railway in our country and the market demand of perishable products were considered. The modification of technical standards of China railway refrigerated transport was conducted, including renewing the key quality indices and improving the transport rules.6Refs. In Chinese.
Keywords Package and preservation of food; Railway transport; Refrigerated standards; Technical standard constitute; Foodstuff quality
TEL：010-51849362 E-mail：sjp@rails.com.cn |
| 玻璃化深低温保存小鼠卵巢组织的研究［刊，中］ |
王艳 韩颖 王捷熙 刘安 权国波 刘敏霞 杨超 扈文博
(军事医学科学院野战输血研究所，北京100850)
制冷学报 .-2008，29（1）.－28～32 |
| 摘 要 对小鼠卵巢组织进行玻璃化深低温保存的初步研究，探索合适的玻璃化保护剂及保存方法．取3周龄小鼠卵巢组织，采用不同保护剂进行玻璃化深低温保存，-196℃液氮保存一周后复温，进行组织切片HE染色观察，筛选合适的玻璃化保护剂；对保存后的小鼠卵巢组织进行自体移植体内培养2周后，取出卵巢组织进行形态学观察及基因表达研究，采用RTPCR方法检测到了在原始卵泡向初级卵泡发育过程中特异表达的AMH基因及在各个阶段的卵泡中均表达的KL基因．结果表明采用高浓度渗透性保护剂(二甲基亚砜、乙酰胺、丙二醇)的玻璃化保护液对小鼠卵巢组织保存效果较好，说明采用玻璃化技术保存卵巢组织的方法可行，并可采用检测基因表达的方法验证深低温保存卵巢组织的效果．图9表1参7
关键词：细胞生物学；小鼠卵巢; 玻璃化; AMH基因; KL基因
电话：010-66931907 E-mail：smilewangyan@126.com |
Study on Cryopreservation of Mouse Ovary Tissues by Vitrification
WANG Yan, HAN Y, WANG J X et al
Transfusion Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
Abstract The research on cryopreservation of mouse ovary tissues was performed to explore suitable vitrification solutions and preservation methods. Ovary tissues of 3-week old mouse were dissected and cut into pieces, and then they were cryopreserved with different vitrification solutions. The tissues were kept at –196℃ for one week and then reheated. The best vitrification solution was selected according to the histological observation on the tissue slices. The reheated ovary tissues were autotransplanted into the kidney capsules. Two weeks later, the autotransplanted tissues were taken out for evaluation. RT-PCR was used to detect AMH gene and KL gene. The results show that vitrification solution composed of infiltrative agents with high concentration could yield excellent effect on preservation of mouse ovary tissues. Our conclusion is that vitrification of mouse ovary may be feasible and detection of gene expression could be applied to validate the quality of cryopreservation. 7Refs. In Chinese.
Keywords Cell biology; Mouse ovary; Vitrification; AMH gene; KL gene
TEL：010-66931907 E-mail：smilewangyan@126.com |
| 气候条件对高效蒸发式冷凝机组性能的影响［刊，中］ |
蒋翔 朱冬生 钟朝安
(华南理工大学化工与能源学院,广州510640)
制冷学报 .-2008，29（1）.－33～38 |
| 摘 要 结合建筑空调系统节能、节水和机组化的要求，将蒸发式冷凝器应用于建筑空调制冷机组，以理论分析为基础，实验研究了空气湿球温度和相对湿度对空调机组性能的影响及作用机理，比较了气候条件对制冷机组性能的影响，结果表明，湿球温度从16℃至28℃，机组制冷量和能效比分别减小5.1%~7.1%和18.3%~22.5%；相对湿度从54%至90%，制冷量和能效比分别减小1.8%~3.8%和4.1%~9.8%；机组能效比为4.54~6.11，高于风冷和水冷式机组；气候对能效比影响的日差异为5%~12%，夏季的南北地区气候差异影响不超过10%，部分主要城市的差异则不超过8%．图9表1参15
关键词：热工学；制冷空调；节能节水；蒸发式冷凝器；气候条件
E-mail：jiangx@scut.edu.cn |
Effect of Climatic Conditions on Performance of Air Conditioning System with the Evaporative Condenser
JIANG Xiang,ZHU D S, ZHONG C A
School of Chemical and Energy Engineer, South China Univ. of Tech., Guangzhou 510640, China
Abstract The influences of air wet-bulb temperature and relative humidity on the performance of an air conditioning system with an evaporative condenser were examined experimentally. The results indicate that when air wet-bulb temperature was from 16℃ to 28℃, the system refrigerating capacity decreased by 5.1%~7.1% and the energy efficiency ratio decreased by 18.3%~22.5%. When air relative humidity was from 54% to 90%, the system refrigeration capacity decreased by 1.8%~3.8% and the energy efficiency ratio decreased by 4.1%~9.8%. The energy efficiency ratio ranged 4.54~6.11, higher than that of a refrigeration system using an air-cooled condenser or a water-cooled condenser. In addition, the energy efficiency ratio of the refrigeration system with the evaporative condenser ranged from 5% to 12% in one day, and no more than 10% in summer for most zones and 8% for main cities in China. 15Refs. In Chinese.
Keywords Pyrology; Refrigeration system; Energy and water conservation; Evaporative condenser; Climatic diversity
E-mail：jiangx@scut.edu.cn |
| 重力供液与直接膨胀制冷系统运行特性的实验研究［刊，中］ |
李星 臧润清 张枫 黄悦
(天津商业大学，天津300134)
制冷学报 .-2008，29（1）.－39～44 |
| 摘 要 对给定的工况，进行重力供液与直接膨胀制冷系统的对比实验，了解重力供液与直接膨胀制冷系统工作特性的差异；在焓差室中，可以准确地测定系统的制冷量、风量和耗功等技术数据．实验表明，以增大制冷剂流速来强化换热，可以提高蒸发器的传热系数；并且在低温工况下，重力供液的蒸发器比直接膨胀供液的蒸发器有更佳的传热特性与传热效率，并不增加附加能耗．同时，建立了满足重力供液系统形成液体再循环的阻力平衡关系，分析循环倍率在不同工况下的变化规律．图11参8
关键词：热工学；重力供液；循环倍率；强化换热；传热特性；传热效率
E-mail：lixing711@163.com |
Comparison Experiment of RefrigerationSystems with Supply Liquid Refrigerant by Gravity and Direct Expansion
LI Xing, ZANG R Q, ZHANG F et al
Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
Abstract The comparison experiments under the given operating conditions were conducted to determine the performance difference of refrigeration systems with supply liquid refrigerant for the evaporator by gravity and direct expansion. Some system technical data were measured in the Psychometric Rooms, including refrigerating capacity, airflow volume and energy consumption. The results indicate that increasing the refrigerant flow rate can enhance the coefficient of heat transfer of the evaporator. The gravityflooded evaporator has much better heat transfer characteristics and efficiency without additional energy consumption under the low temperature condition. In addition, the resistance equilibrium to meet the liquid refrigerant recirculation was established, and the variation of the circulating rate under different conditions was analyzed. 44Refs. In Chinese.
Keywords Pyrology; Supply liquid refrigerant by gravity; Circulating rate; Augmentation heat transfer; Heat transfer characteristics; Heat transfer efficiency
E-mail：lixing711@163.com |
| 冷冻食品加工企业能效评价［刊，中］ |
高兴 罗会明 张殿光 袁杰 张兴文
(大连水产学院辽宁省水产品加工及综合利用重点开放实验室，大连116023)
制冷学报 .-2008，29（1）.－45～50 |
| 摘 要 目前我国综合食品加工企业都使用单位产值的能耗量或能耗费用来衡量能耗的程度，由于这种指标没有反映出使用水平、营业水平和质量水平对企业能效的影响，所以在企业之间能效比较时难以作出正确评价．文章以实例列举出国内外有代表性的大型综合食品加工企业的能耗现状进行对比；分析了目前企业使用的能耗评价指标在横向比较、评价时出现错误的原因；提出了可反映使用水平、营业水平和质量水平新的能效评价方法，对国内六家有代表性的企业进行能效评价，结果显示企业之间能效差异十分显著，节能降耗提高能效成为企业迫切需要解决的问题．表9参2
关键词：食品包装与储藏; 综合食品加工企业能效指标; 单位产量能质系数; 能效评价
电话：0411-84763982 E-mail：gaoxing2002@126.com |
Energy Efficiency Evaluation of Frozen Food Production Factories
GAO Xing, LUO H M, ZHANG D G et al
Dalian Fisheries University, Key and Open Laboratory of Apuatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province 116023, China
Abstract At present, food production factories in our country evaluate energy consumption level by using energy consumption per unit production or energy consumption fees. However, these indices do not reflect the influence of the using level, business level, and the quality level on the enterprise energy efficiency. In this study, energy consumption situation of some food production factories at home and abroad were compared, and the problems caused by the current energy consumption evaluation indices were analyzed. A new energy efficiency evaluation index which can reflect using level, business level, and the quality level was proposed. Then the evaluation of energy efficiency for six representative domestic food production factories was performed with the present index. The result shows that energy efficiency difference among factories is obvious.2Refs. In Chinese.
Keywords Package and preservation of food; Energy efficiency index of large food production factory; Coefficient of energy and quality of the unit output; The energy efficiency evaluation
TEL：0411-84763982 E-mail：gaoxing2002@126.com |
| 低温冷库冷风机的变频节能研究［刊，中］ |
刘训海
(上海理工大学制冷研究所，上海200093)
制冷学报 .-2008，29（1）.－51～54 |
| 摘 要 分析风机变频调速的节能原理．通过低温冷库蒸发器风机在不同工作库温下的变频试验研究，表明风机采用变频调速控制运行后，不仅功耗降低，系统的有效制冷量明显增加，且库温越低增益越大，对于提高经济效益和节约能源有重要意义．图6表2参11
关键词：动力机械工程；低温冷库；变频调速；蒸发器；节能
E-mail：brownliu2004@163.com |
Research on Frequency Conversion Energy-saving Technology for Evaporator in Low Temperature Cold Storage
LIU Xun-hai, JIANG J D, ZHANG Z H et al
University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
Abstract The principle of energy-saving with frequency conversion speed control was described and analyzed. The experiment on frequency conversion speed control for an evaporator in low temperature cold storage was conducted. The results show that by using the frequency conversion speed control, the power consumption decreases and the effective refrigerating capacity increases obviously, particularly at lower temperatures.4Refs. In Chinese.
Keywords Power machinery engineering; Cold storage; Frequency conversion speed adjustment; Evaporator; Energy-saving
E-mail：brownliu2004@163.com |
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