| 低温工质流动沸腾传热关联式研究综述［刊，中] |
邹鑫 公茂琼 吴剑峰
(中国科学院理化技术研究所 北京 100080)
制冷学报 .-2008，29（2）.－1～7 |
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摘 要 低温流体流动沸腾是低温系统的常见过程，也是低温系统传热的一个重要方式.文章总结了低温工质流动沸腾传热关联式，对各个关联式进行了简单评价，并选用了一些数据组对各个关联式的平均偏差进行了分析.最后对进一步的关联式研究工作进行了展望. 图1表2参19
关键词：热工学；低温工质；流动沸腾；关联式
电话：010-82543732 E-mail：zouxin81@126.com |
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Review on flow boiling heat transfer correlations of cryogenic fluids
ZOU Xin, GONG M Q, WU J F
Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100080, China
Abstract Flow boiling of cryogenic fluid is widely encountered in industrial operation and also is an important heat transfer method in low temperature systems. The conventional empirical correlations for cryogenic fluid are summarized and evaluated. Available experimental data are compared with the predictions of the correlations. Further study of heat transfer correlations is also discussed.19 Refs. In Chinese.
Keywords Pyrology; Cryogenic fluid; Flow boiling; Correlations
TEL：010-82543732 E-mail：zouxin81@126.com |
| 低温工质流动沸腾传热关联式研究综述［刊，中] |
陈变蕊 侯予 刘秀芳 张兴群
(西安交通大学制冷与低温工程研究所 西安 710049)
制冷学报 .-2008，29（2）.－8～13 |
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摘 要 提出并搭建了一套采用氟里昂蒸气压缩循环的液体冷却试验系统，其中采用板翅式换热器作为蒸发器，R22作为制冷剂，热水作为载冷液体提供制冷剂蒸发所需热量.实验结果表明：在实验参数范围内，蒸发器单位面积制冷量为：2440～9760 W/m2，总传热系数为80～600 W/(m2·K)，制冷剂侧传热系数为90～1065 W/(m2·K)，蒸发器内制冷剂侧压降为7～17 kPa；制冷量及蒸发器压降均随水进口温度的升高而增大，而传热系数随水进口温度的升高先增大而后减小；制冷量、传热系数及压降均随毛细管长度及水流量的增大而减小，随充灌量的增大而增大.图11参9
关键词：热工学；板翅式蒸发器；液冷；制冷量；压降；传热系数
E-mail：brchen@stu.xjtu.edu.cn |
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Experimental study on refrigerating system with plate-fin evaporator
CHEN Bian-rui, HOU Y, LIU X F et al
Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering, Xi`an Jiaotong University, Xi`an710049, China
Abstract An experimental rig was set up to test the performance of a refrigerating system, in which a plate-fin exchanger was used as the evaporator, R22 as the refrigerant and water as the secondary refrigerant. The experimental results indicate that the cooling capacity per area of the evaporator reached 2440–9760 W/m2 and the overall heat-transfer coefficient was 80–600 W/(m2.K). The heat-transfer coefficient of the refrigerant was 90–1065 W/(m2.K), and the pressure drop reached 7–17kPa. Moreover, the cooling capacity and pressure drop always increased and the heat transfer coefficients increased first but decreased afterwards with the inlet-temperature of water. In addition, all the three performance parameters decreased with the increase of the length of the capillary tube and the water flow rate respectively but increased with the increase of refrigerant mass.9Refs. In Chinese.
Keywords Pyrology; Plate-fin evaporator; Liquid-cooled; Cooling capacity; Pressure-drop; Heat-transfer coefficient
E-mail：brchen@stu.xjtu.edu.cn |
| 数码涡旋多联式空调系统夏季运行特点及能耗特性的实验研究［刊，中] |
张旭 杨刚 杨洁
(同济大学暖通空调及燃气研究所 上海 200092)
制冷学报 .-2008，29（2）.－14～19 |
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摘 要 通过对数码涡旋多联式空调系统的夏季运行状况进行的实验研究；分析了数码涡旋多联式空调系统的运行特点；采用小时能效比的概念对其能耗特性进行了评价，根据数码涡旋多联式空调系统的实测数据，考虑机组部分负荷特性和不同开机率条件，分析了系统小时能效比的变化规律. 图11表3参6
关键词：市政工程；数码涡旋压缩机；数码涡旋多联式空调系统；运行率；小时能效比
电话：021-65984243 E-mail：gaojun-hvac@mail.tongji.edu.cn |
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Experimental research on operation and energy performance of DVM system in summer
ZHANG Xu, YANG G, YANG J
Institute of HVAC and Thermal Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
Abstract A DVM air conditioning system under summer operation was experimentally studied and its operational performance was analyzed. The energy consumption of the system was evaluated with the concept “HEER”. According to the experimental data obtained, the variation of the HEER under different operational rate and different partial load was discussed. 6 Refs. In Chinese.
Keywords Municipal engineering; Digital scroll compressor; DVM system; Operational rate; HEER
TEL：021-65984243 E-mail：gaojun-hvac@mail.tongji.edu.cn |
| 闪蒸器补气热泵系统的试验研究［刊，中] |
申江 李园园 白俊文 孙欢
(天津商业大学天津市制冷技术重点实验室 天津 300134)
制冷学报 .-2008，29（2）.－20～22 |
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摘 要 针对一种适于环境温度较低情况下使用的闪蒸器补气热泵空调系统进行了试验研究，该系统在低温工况下， 经闪蒸器闪发的气体通过辅助进气口向压缩机工作室喷射制冷剂，以此改善热泵系统内部压缩过程来提高热泵的低温制热性能.试验结果表明，在-10℃～-15℃的低温环境中，该系统仍然具有较高的制热能力和供暖温度，能够满足寒冷地区冬季的采暖要求.且该系统的制冷性能基本不受影响.图11表2参10
关键词：热工学；热泵；涡旋压缩机；闪蒸器；毛细管
E-mail：lixiaotai@tom.com |
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Experimental study on heat pump with Flash-tank
SHEN Jiang, LI Y Y, BAI J W et al
Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Refrigeration, Tianjin300134, China
Abstract An experimental study on a heat pump with a flash-tank which is used in low temperature ambient was conducted. In the low temperature condition, the vapor can flash out from a flash-tank and inject the refrigerant into the compressor chamber through an assistant inlet. The results show that the heat pump can still supply enough heat at the low ambient temperatures from -10℃ to -15℃. 4Refs. In Chinese.
Keywords Pyrology; Heat pump; Scroll compressor; Flash-tank; Capillary
E-mail：lixiaotai@tom.com |
| 双级离心式冷水机组的数学模型及其应［刊，中] |
陈权 邵双全 张晓亮 燕达 石文星 李先庭 江亿 入谷阳一郎 上田宪治
(清华大学建筑学院建筑技术科学系 北京 100084)
制冷学报 .-2008，29（2）.－23～28 |
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摘 要 阐述了采用电机转速和入口导叶阀联合调节容量的双级离心式压缩机及其冷水机组的稳态灰箱数学模型的建立方法，即从离心式压缩机工作原¬理出发，确立电机转速和入口导叶阀开度对制冷剂流量的影响关系，利用压缩机或冷水机组的部分实验数据，定量给出与压缩机结构等参数有关的待定系数；应用该方法所建立的数学模型适用于冷水机组设计、控制策略优化和运行能耗分析，以一台NART-I型冷水机组为例，模拟其应用于北京、上海两地典型办公建筑中的全年运行能耗和季节能效比，以说明冷水机组数学模型的应用方法. 图9表1参12
关键词：市政工程；离心式压缩机；冷水机组；数学模型；能耗模拟
电话：010-62796114 E-mail：jimmychenquan@gmail.com |
Modeling and application of double-stage centrifugal chiller
CHEN Quan, SHAO S Q, ZHANG X L et al
Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
Abstract A method to model a double-stage centrifugal chiller whose capacity is controlled by the combination of impeller speed and angles of the inlet guide vane was proposed. The effect of impeller speed and angles of the inlet guide vane on refrigerator mass flow rates and coefficients in the model were determined by experiment data. The similation of the annual operating energy consumption and SEER of NART-I centrifugal chillers in the typical office buildings in Beijing and Shanghai was performed to verify the application of the model. The present model can be used in the chiller design, the optimization of chiller’s control policy and the analysis on the annual operating energy consumption of chillers. 12Refs. In Chinese.
Keywords Municipal engineering; Centrifugal compressor chiller; Mathematical model; Energy consumption simulation
TEL：010-62796114 E-mail：jimmychenquan@gmail.com |
| 汽车空调用压缩机变转速工况容积效率研究［刊，中] |
傅烈虎 李青冬 徐荣吉
(西安交通大学能源与动力过程学院 西安 710049)
制冷学报 .-2008，29（2）.－29～32 |
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摘 要 在变转速工况下进行了压缩机的性能实验，分析了容积系数、压力系数、温度系数和泄漏系数对容积效率的影响以及它们各自在变转速工况下的定义式.容积系数主要与压缩机的结构尺寸和吸、排气压力比有关，压力比的变化对容积系数构成以多变膨胀指数为幂的指数影响；转速变化对压力系数构成二次影响；温度系数和泄漏系数同时受到与压力比和转速的影响.以压缩机的吸、排气压力比和转速为变量，用实验数据拟合了压缩机的容积效率，计算结果与实验数据的平均误差在5 %以内，拟合公式具有一定的可信度，适合在压力比为2～10的范围内使用.本文的研究成果可供相关人员在进行压缩机的设计和测试时参考.图3表3参5
关键词：热工学；压缩机；容积效率；数据拟合；变转速；汽车空调
E-mail：fuliehu@yahoo.com.cn |
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Research on volumetric efficiency of compressor at variable speed in automobile air-conditioning
FU Lie-hu, LI Q D, XU R J
School of Power and Energy Engineering, Xi`an Jiaotong University, Xi`an710049, China
Abstract The performance experiment of a compressor used in automobile air conditioning was conducted at variable speed. The influences of volumetric coefficient, pressure coefficient, temperature coefficient, and leakage coefficient on compressor volumetric efficiency were analyzed. Based on the experimental data, a formula of the compressor volumetric efficiency was developed in which pressure ratio and speed were variables . The predictions were in agreement with the experiment values with a deviation of less than 5%. It could be applied in the range of pressure ratio from 2 to 10. 5Refs. In Chinese.
Keywords Power machinery and engineering; Compressor; Volumetric efficiency; Data fitting; Variable speed; Automobile air-conditioning
E-mail：fuliehu@yahoo.com.cn |
| 人血小板的冷冻干燥保存：细胞内外保护剂的作用［刊，中] |
周新丽 张绍志 陈光明
(上海理工大学生物系统热科学研究所 上海 200093)
制冷学报 .-2008，29（2）.－33～37 |
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摘 要 通过液相内吞途径将13 mmol/L海藻糖载入人血小板内，采用牛血清白蛋白和海藻糖作细胞外保护剂，研究细胞内海藻糖和细胞外保护剂在血小板冻干保存中分别所起的作用.实验结果表明冻干血小板的活性主要依靠细胞外保护剂提供的保护作用而得以保存，13 mmol/L的细胞内海藻糖只起到有益的补充作用.在13 mmol/L细胞内海藻糖和1 %牛血清白蛋白+1 %海藻糖细胞外保护剂同时存在的情况下，冻干保存40天的血小板复水后的数值恢复率约85 %，显微镜观察细胞形态完整，对1 U/ml凝血酶的聚集百分比为97.3 %.图2表1参14
关键词：生物物理学；血小板；冷冻干燥；海藻糖
电话：021-55271167 E-mail：zhouxinli1979@yahoo.com.cn |
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Freeze-drying of human alatelets: influence of intracellular and extracellular protectants
ZHOU Xin-li, ZHANG S Z, CHEN G M
Institute of Biothermal Sciences, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
Abstract 13 mmol/L intracellular trehalose was loaded into human platelets through fluid-phase endocytosis pathway. Bovine serum albumin and trehalose were used as extracellular protectants. The effects of intracellular trehalose and extracellular protectants on freeze-dried platelets were studied respectively. The experimental results show that 13mmol/L intracellular trehalose was beneficial to freeze-dried human platelets but only slightly enhanced the protection afforded by extracellular protectants. Platelets were loaded with 13 mmol/L intracellular trehalose and freeze-dried in a formulation of 1 % bovine serum albumin and 1% trehalose. 40 days later, the numerical recovery of rehydrated platelets was about 85 %, the morphology of rehydrated platelets was intact and the aggregation percentage with thrombin (1U/mL) was 97.3%. 15Refs. In Chinese.
Keywords Biophysics; Platelets; Freeze-drying; Trehalose
TEL：021-55271167 E-mail：zhouxinli1979@yahoo.com.cn |
| 削峰填谷式冰箱蓄放冷实验研究［刊，中] |
王蕾蕾 严嘉 肖建军 厉彦忠 李伟
(河南新飞电器有限公司 新乡 453002)
制冷学报 .-2008，29（2）.－38～41 |
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摘 要 针对冰箱消耗大量电力资源，提出了冰箱利用蓄冷材料在用电低谷蓄冷、用电高峰放冷来缓解用电压力，并进行了蓄放冷实验研究，结果表明：冷藏室蓄冷材料在环温为18℃和25℃时满足移峰填谷的要求，冷冻室蓄冷材料在环温为18℃时满足移峰填谷的要求，环温为25℃时基本满足．图7参6
关键词：热工学；蓄冷；移峰填谷；相变；冰箱
电话：0373-3371133 E-mail：wangleilei@163.com |
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Experimental Study on Cold Accumulation and Release of Peak Load Shifting Refrigerator
WANG Lei-lei, YAN J, XIAO J J et al
Henan Xinfei Electric Co. Ltd. Xinxiang 453002, China
Abstract A method using cold accumulating material was proposed to lower the energy consumption of refrigerators and an experiment on cold accumulation and release of a peak load shifting refrigerator was conducted . The results show that the cold accumulating material is effective in the refrigeration compartment at the ambient temperature of 18℃ or 25℃. In the freezer compartment, the cold accumulating material is also effective at the ambient temperature of 18℃ and it can basically meet the requirement at the ambient temperature of 25℃. 6Refs. In Chinese.
Keywords Pyrology; Cold accumulation; Peak load shifting; Phase transition; Refrigerator
TEL：0373-3371133 E-mail：wangleilei@163.com |
| 电子膨胀阀开度对SAHP系统稳定性的影响［刊，中] |
王海涛 裴刚
(安徽建筑工业学院环境工程学院 合肥 230022)
制冷学报 .-2008，29（2）.－42～45 |
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摘 要 压缩机频率不变，不同的电子膨胀阀开度下,对太阳能热泵系统的动态性能进行了实验和分析.根据实验结果分析发现，在电子膨胀阀开度一定时，随着太阳辐照度的升高，压缩机功率出现振动，当电子膨胀阀开度最大时，系统振动更加明显.由此提出了太阳能热泵系统稳定性原理.同时指出优化太阳能热泵系统的关键问题是找到系统集热/蒸发器的MSS线(Q-Tsh关系曲线). 图7参7
关键词：热工学；太阳能热泵系统；电子膨胀阀开度；稳定性
E-mail：htwang@163.com |
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Influence of Opening of Electronic Expansion Valve on SAHP System
WANG Hai-tao, PEI G
School of Environmental Engineering, Anhui Institute of Architecture＆Industry, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
Abstract Outdoor tests and analysis on the dynamic characteristics of an SAHP(Solar Assisted Heat Pump) system were conducted at a constant compressor frequency and under different opening of EXV (Electronic Expansion Valve). The results show that the oscillation of the compressor power input occurred at a fixed opening of EXV when the solar radiation increased and the oscillation of the compressor power input was more significant at the maximum opening of the EXV. In addition, the stability principle of the SAHP system was proposed based on the results and it is suggested that the relationship between solar radiation and superheat of collector/evaporator should be investigated. 7Refs. In Chinese.
Keywords Pyrology; SAHP; Opening of EXV; Stability
E-mail：htwang@163.com |
| 冷热气流冲击实验装置自动复叠制冷系统设计研究［刊，中] |
王铁军 高才 毛雪东 章学华
(合肥工业大学机械学院，合肥230009)
制冷学报 .-2008，29（2）.－46～49 |
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摘 要 冷热气流冲击实验装置是一种用于对机械和电子产品进行高低温交变冲击检验的实验设备，冷源系统是其重要的组成之一.采用具有精馏装置的自动复叠制冷循环，选用二元非共沸混合工质R22/R23作为制冷剂，进行了制冷系统及其关键部件(精馏装置等)的研制及混合工质R22/R23的不同配比和不同分馏操作工艺参数的探究.通过对实验样机工作过程主要热力参数的实验研究和调试，冷源系统输出的冷气达到了高低温冲击实验的技术要求.图5参8
关键词：热工学；制冷系统；设计研究；自动复叠；冷热气流冲击实验装置
电话：0551-2803256 E-mail：wtj555@sina.com |
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Design and research of auto-cascade refrigeration system for cold- hot airflow shock chamber
WANG Tie-jun, GAO C, MAO X D et al
Hefei University of Technology, Hefei230009, China
Abstract The cold-hot airflow shock chamber is a kind of test device that can provide alternate high/low temperature environment. It is mostly applied to the performance test of mechanical products, electronic products, etc. In our research, an auto-cascade refrigerating cycle with a rectification column was adopted and R22/R23 was selected to be a non-azeotropic mixture refrigerant. The refrigeration system including a rectification column was designed. The influences of different proportion of R22/R23 and different technical parameters during rectification course on the system performance were analyzed. In addition, the experiments on the primary thermo-parameters during operating process for a prototype device were conducted. The result shows that the refrigeration capacity of the system can meet the technical requirement of thermal shock tests. 8Refs. In Chinese.
Keywords Pyrology; Refrigeration system; Design and Research; Auto-cascade; Cold/hot-air flow shock chamber
TEL：0551-2803256 E-mail：wtj555@sina.com |
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