| 太阳能吸附式空调研发进展与展望 |
陈传涓 王如竹 夏再忠
(上海交通大学制冷与低温工程研究所 上海 200240)
制冷学报 .-2008，29（4）.－1～7 |
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摘 要 为了促进节能和环境保护，对太阳能等可再生能源的利用已经引起了广泛的关注.文中介绍了太阳能吸附式空调的研究现状，并对其存在问题进行分析，最后给出了太阳能吸附空调今后的研究方向以及应用前景，从而推动太阳能吸附式空调在我国的发展和应用. 图4参34
关键词：热工学；吸附式制冷；太阳能；空调；节能
E-mail：cjchen@sjtu.edu.cn |
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Review of solar adsorption refrigeration system for air conditioning
CHEN Chuan-juan, WANG R Z, XIA Z Z
Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai200240,China
Abstract The utilization of renewable energy, such as solar energy, has attracted much attention due to the requirement of energy conversion and enviromental protection. In this paper, the development of solar-driven adsorption refirgeration system for air conditioning (SARSAC) is described. The main obstacles for developing SARSAC are analyzed. In addition, the future main research areas and potential applications of SARSAC are presented to accelerate the development of SARSAC in our country.34 Refs. In Chinese.
Keywords Pyrology; Adsorption refrigeration; Solar energy; Air conditioning; Energy conversion
E-mail：cjchen@sjtu.edu.cn |
| ODP为零的热泵混合工质性能匹配及非共沸特性研究 |
昝成 史琳
(清华大学热科学与动力工程教育部重点实验室 北京 100084)
制冷学报 .-2008，29（4）.－8～12 |
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摘 要 针对一种臭氧层破坏潜能(ODP)为零的非共沸中高温热泵混合工质HTR04, 研究了其实际应用中的三个关键问题：R134a压缩机直接充灌HTR04的匹配性问题；HTR04的组分迁移问题；温度滑移特性利用问题.结果表明：对于一个配备R134a压缩机的HTR04热泵机组，能够稳定且高效地提供80℃的热水；HTR04组分迁移导致的系统性能变化在工程允许范围之内；通过HTR04滑移温度与冷凝器水侧温差的最优匹配，可提高热泵系统性能.研究可为绿色环保中高温热泵工质HTR04的实际应用提供理论基础和技术支持.图7表2参12
关键词：工程热物理；混合工质；组分迁移；滑移匹配；中高温热泵，ODP为零
E-mail：zancheng00@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn |
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Study on performance matching and zeotropic characteristics of non-ozone depleting refrigerant mixture for heat pump
ZAN Cheng, SHI L
Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084,China
Abstract A refrigerant mixture with 0 ODP for moderately high temperature heat pumps, named HTR04 (High Temperature Refrigerant 04), has been developed. Three key problems for the application of HTR04 were investigated, i.e., its direct replacement use in a R134a compressor, its composition shift and temperature glide. The results indicate that the heat pump with an original compressor could provide hot water with about 80℃ by filling HTR04 to replace R134a. The changes of the system performance caused by HTR04 composition shift could be accepted in use. The coefficient of performance could be improved through optimal matching of the glide temperature and the temperature difference of water in the condenser.12Refs. In Chinese.
Keywords Engineering thermophysics; Refrigerant mixture; Fractionation; Glide-matching; Moderately high temperature heat pump; Non-ozone depletion
E-mail：zancheng00@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn |
| 圆柱型活性蓄冷器制冷性能的实验研究 |
刘敏 俞炳丰 杨德玺
(西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院 西安 710049)
制冷学报 .-2008，29（4）.－13～17 |
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摘 要 在往复式活性蓄冷器实验系统的基础上设计开发了圆柱型活性蓄冷器，并对管路流程进行了优化.以金属钆为磁性工质，实验研究了蓄冷器的热力性能，获得了蓄冷器内温度分布及制冷性能数据.实验结果表明：在不同温度区间、温跨、换热流体流量及流动时间的条件下，蓄冷器存在最佳单向流动时间与最佳换热流体流量；系统在3 K的温跨下可获得11.35 W的最大制冷量；蓄冷器的制冷量和COP随温跨与温区的增加而减小.图11 参14
关键词：热工学；室温磁制冷；活性蓄冷器；板式换热器；制冷性能；温度区间；温度跨度
E-mail：mliu1983@mail.xjtu.edu.cn |
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Experimental study on refrigeration performance of cylinder active magnetic regenerator of room temperature magnetic refrigeration
LIU Min, YU B F, YANG D X
School of Power and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Abstract A cylinder active magnetic regenerator for room temperature magnetic refrigeration was designed on the basis of the existing reciprocating active magnetic regenerator system, and its flow circuitry was optimized. Experimental investigation on thermodynamics performance of the cylinder active magnetic regenerator was conducted with the magnetic material, Gd. Temperature distribution in AMR and corresponding refrigeration performance data were obtained considering the influence of temperature range, temperature span, flow rate and flow time. The results indicate that optimal flow time and optimal flow rate for AMR existed in different experimental regions; the refrigeration capacity reached 11.35W at a 3K temperature span; the refrigeration capacity and COP decreased with the increase of temperature range and temperature span. 14 Refs. In Chinese.
Keywords Pyrology; Room temperature magnetic refrigeration; Active magnetic regenerator; Plate type heat exchanger; Refrigeration performance; Temperature range; Temperature span
E-mail：mliu1983@mail.xjtu.edu.cn |
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地板辐射供冷/独立新风系统的技术分析与实验研究 |
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夏学鹰1,2，张旭1，蔡宁2，王子介2
(1.同济大学暖通空调与燃气研究所,上海200092；2.南京师范大学动力工程学院,南京210042)
制冷学报 .-2008，29（4）.－18～23 |
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摘 要 从技术角度上分析了地板辐射供冷与独立新风混合式系统有别于吊顶辐射系统的一些特性，通过实验对这一系统的运行参数进行了测试分析.在相同的实验工况下，对单独地板辐射供冷与地板辐射/独立新风系统进行了对比实验，比较了两种实验条件下不同材质地板表面温度和上层空气露点温度、围护结构内表面温度、室内温湿度随时间的变化情况，结果表明，独立新风系统的引入增加了地板辐射供冷系统总的供冷能力，在系统参数设计合理的情况下(地板温度20℃~21℃，送风温度21℃~22℃，送风速度1m/s左右)，结露和供冷能力不足的问题都可以得到很好的解决.图9表1参10
关键词：热工学；地板辐射供冷；独立新风系统；露点；表面温度
E-mail：sdxxynsd@126.com |
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Technology analysis and experimental research on radiant floor cooling combined with dedicated outdoor air system
XIA Xue-ying, ZHANG X, CAI N et al
Institute of Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning and Gas, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Abstract The characteristics of the radiant floor cooling combined with dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) were analyzed. Under the same operating conditions, comparison experiments were conducted to study the dynamic performance and working parameters of the radiant floor cooling system and the combined system, respectively. The changes of different material floor temperature, inner surface temperature of the enclosure, indoor air temperature and relative humidity with time were analyzed under the two experimental conditions. The results show that the adoption of DOAS can enhance the total cooling capacity of the radiant floor cooling combined with dedicated outdoor air system. With proper design parameters (the floor surface temperature of 20℃~21℃, the inlet air temperature of 21℃~22℃, and the inlet air velocity of about 1m/s), the present system can operate satisfactorily. 10Refs.
Keywords Pyrology; Radiant floor cooling; Dedicated outdoor air system; Dew point; Surface temperature
E-mail：sdxxynsd@126.com |
| 单相液体微槽散热研究进展 |
席有民 余建祖 高红霞 曹学伟
(北京航空航天大学 北京 100083)
制冷学报 .-2008，29（4）.－24～29 |
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摘 要 对单相液体微槽散热技术研究的三个主要方面：流体流动和传热特性研究、影响因素研究、系统匹配与优化研究进行了回顾与综述.这三方面密切相关，反映了单相液体微槽散热技术的理论和应用水平.阐述了微槽散热技术未来的发展方向.参38
关键词：工程热物理；微槽流体流动和传热特性；影响因素；系统匹配与优化
E-mail：xiym@163.com |
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Research development of single phase liquid heat transfer in microchannel
XI You-min, YU J Z, GAO H X et al
Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100083, China
Abstract Fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics, factors influencing the characteristics, and system matching and optimizing in the single phase liquid microchannel heat transfer technology are reviewed in this paper. The subjects of future research on the microchannel heat transfer technology are also presented. 38Refs. In Chinese.
Keywords Engineering thermophysics; Fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics in microchannel; Influence factor; System matching and optimizing
E-mail：xiym@163.com |
| 过冷水滴液－固相变动力学特性研究 |
杜雁霞 桂业伟 肖春华 李军
(中国空气动力研究与发展中心 绵阳 621000)
制冷学报 .-2008，29（4）.－30～33 |
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摘 要 提出了使氨气进入溶液时产生旋转来强化氨水鼓泡吸收的方法，并利用高速摄像机对其吸收动力学特性进行了可视化实验.结果显示，气流旋转使得最大气泡体积减小，而对气泡数和最大吸收高度没有显著影响.气泡旋转对氨水鼓泡吸收过程的吸收效果具有强化作用，强化效果随着流量的增大而减小，强化系数在1.1~1.25之间.图5表2参10
关键词：工程热物理；过冷水滴；液-固相变；DSC法；结晶；动力学
E-mail：yanxiadu@163.com |
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Investigation on solid-liquid phase change kinetics of supercooled water droplets
DU Yan-xia, GUI Y W, XIAO C H et al
China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, China
Abstract The non-isothermal crystallization behavior and kinetics of supercooled water droplets were investigated by means of the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method and the rate constant, time index and Avrami index of crystallization were obtained. The results show that the cooling rate has great influence on the crystallization behavior of water. The crystallization rate increases and the initial temperature and peak temperature of crystallization decrease with the increase of the cooling rate. In the temperature range of -40℃~0℃, the crystallization exhibits three-dimensional spherulitic growth on heterogeneous nuclei.10Refs. In Chinese.
Keywords Engineering thermophysics;Supercooled water droplets; DSC method; Liquid-solid phase change; Crystallization; Kinetics
E-mail：yanxiadu@163.com |
| 风冷热泵冷热水机组空气侧换热器交叉除霜研究 |
王志毅1，陈松2，杨创辉2
(1. 浙江理工大学建筑工程学院，杭州310018； 2. 浙江盾安人工环境设备股份有限公司，诸暨311835)
制冷学报 .-2008，29（4）.－34～37 |
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摘 要 采用四通换向阀换向逆循环除霜，风冷热泵机组系统压力波动剧烈而产生比较大的机械冲击，频繁启动压缩机，影响室内的舒适性与压缩机的寿命，针对逆循环除霜的缺陷，提出了交叉除霜循环的原理和过程.交叉除霜对需要除霜的一组空气侧换热器通过切换对应的四通换向阀进行空气侧换热器分组除霜，在制冷量为359 kW的风冷螺杆热泵冷热水机组上进行了空气侧换热器交叉除霜的实验研究.测试结果表明：机组的排气温度在合理的温度范围内，吸气压力略有升高，不易产生低压保护，空调房间可以送出热风.交叉除霜制热时间延长，提高了机组运行的经济性，除霜时间缩短，提高了机组综合能效比，可以应用于多组空气侧换热器的风冷热泵机组的除霜设计.图4参7
关键词：工程热物理；实验；交叉除霜；风冷热泵冷热水机组
E-mail：zywang-wf@163.com |
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Cross defrosting on air side heat exchanger of air to water heat pump
WANG Zhi-yi, CHEN S, YANG C H
School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
Abstract The cross defrosting cycle was presented in which one air side heat exchanger defrosts by switching over the corresponding four-way valve and the others operate normally. The experiment of the air side heat exchanger cross defrosting was conducted on an air to water heat pump using a screw compressor with a refrigerating capacity of 359kW. The results show that the discharge temperature of the unit was at a normal range and the suction pressure rose slightly. Moreover, the heating time was longer and the comprehensive EER improved greatly. 7Refs. In Chinese.
Keywords Engineering thermophysics; Test; Cross defrosting; Air to water heat pump
E-mail：zywang-wf@163.com |
| 微波复温对玻璃化冻存小鼠骨髓有核细胞活性的影响 |
胡军祥1，杨琼霞1，黄佩龙1，张绍志2
(1.浙江林学院林业与生物技术学院，临安311300；2. 浙江大学制冷与低温研究所，杭州310027)
制冷学报 .-2008，29（4）.－38～41 |
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摘 要 对ICR小鼠骨髓有核细胞进行玻璃化深低温保存，在冻存1、5、10、20、30 d后，骨髓有核细胞样品分别采用常规的38℃水浴复温和微波复温，即在300 mL10℃水中，控制微波功率为800W，频率2450 MHz，复温时间80 s.检测骨髓有核细胞的功能变化，比较两种复温方法对细胞活性的影响.结果表明：骨髓有核细胞玻璃化冻存1~20 d，其存活率、细胞内琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性都有下降的趋势，过氧化氢(H2O2)含量显著增加，但冻存20 d后这些指标保持基本稳定，与第30 d比较无显著差异(P>0.05).微波复温组的细胞存活率，细胞内SDH、SOD的活性高于水浴复温组，细胞内H2O2含量明显低于水浴复温组.说明微波复温能够提高复温速率，对骨髓有核细胞的损伤要低于水浴复温．图4参9
关键词：细胞生理学；微波复温；玻璃化；骨髓有核细胞
E-mail：flower_964@163.com |
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Effect of microwave thawing on viability of mice bone marrow cells cryopreserved by vitrification
HU Jun-xiang, YANG Q X, HUANG P L et al
College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Forestry University, Lin`an 311300, China
Abstract The ICR mice bone marrow nucleated cells(BMNC) were cryopreserved by vitrification for 1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 days. Then the individual samples thawed in 38℃ water bath and with microwave treatment, respectively. The viability of BMNC was assayed to compare the influence of the two thawing methods on the viability. The experimental results show that during 1-20 cryopreservation days, the survival rate of the cells, and the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) of BMNC decreased significantly, whereas the hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) content of BMNC increased greatly. After cryopreservation for 20 days these indices remained relatively stable and no significant difference (P>0.05) was found in these indices before and after being preserved for 30 days. The cell survival rate, the activity of SDH and SOD of BMNC with microwave thawing were higher than those with water bath thawing, whereas the H2O2 content of BMNC with microwave thawing was lower than that with water bath thawing. These findings confirm that microwave thawing may raise the thawing rate and the damage to BMNC by microwave thawing may be samaller than that by water bath thawing.9Refs. In Chinese.
Keywords Cell physiology; Microwave thawing; Vitrification; Mice bone marrow nucleated cells
E-mail：flower_964@163.com |
| 固化吸附剂导热系数测量参数选择 |
孟祥睿 张如波 陈晓娟 魏新利
(郑州大学化工与能源学院 郑州 450001)
制冷学报 .-2008，29（4）.－42～46 |
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摘 要 在开发高导热吸附剂过程中经常需要测量材料的导热系数，稳态平板法测量导热系数因方法简单直接而应用广泛.通过数值模拟和实验发现侧面散热对导热系数测量影响很大，采用大空间自然对流换热实验关联式对试验数据处理公式进行修正，可得到较满意的实验结果，并进一步研究了热源温度、样品厚度、试样导热系数对侧面散热的影响.为减少侧面散热以及热电偶波动对测量结果的影响，并考虑到试样加工难易程度，就所用实验装置而言，试样厚度在12 mm较为适宜，热源温度选用55℃较为适宜. 图5表3参5
关键词：工程热物理；稳态平板法；导热系数；数值模拟；固化吸附剂
E-mail：mxr@gs.zzu.edu.cn |
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Thermal conductivity measurement of consolidated adsorbent
MENG Xiang-rui, ZHANG R B, CHEN X J et al
Department of Chemical Engineering, Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Abstract The measurement of thermal conductivity is important in developing high-thermal conductivity adsorbents, and the steady-state method is widely used in measuring thermal conductivity. The numerical simulation and experiments were conducted and it is found that heat release at the side of a sample has great influence on the measurement of thermal conductivity and the data processing can be improved by adopting the natural convection empirical formula. The further investigation was performed on the influence of heat source temperature, thickness of the sample and thermal conductivity of test sample on heat release at the side of a sample. Under our experimental condition, it seems that the thickness of a sample might be 12mm and the heat resource temperature might be 55℃ to reduce the effect of side heat release and thermocouple reading surge on the measurement. 5Refs. In Chinese.
Keywords Engineering thermophysics; Thermal conductivity; Steady-state method; Numerical simulation; Consolidated adsorbent
E-mail：mxr@gs.zzu.edu.cn |
| 制冷在废水处理与再生领域中的应用研究 |
于涛1，马军2
(1.山东建筑大学，济南250000；2. 哈尔滨工业大学，哈尔滨150090)
制冷学报 .-2008，29（4）.－47～50 |
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摘 要 从最佳制冷温度、水处理效果、最高水回收率及能耗四个方面研究了以制冷为主要手段的冷冻浓缩工艺.通过冷冻试验，确定了冷冻浓缩工艺最佳的制冷温度，考察了水处理效果；通过差示扫描量热试验确定了废水玻璃化转变温度以及冷冻浓缩工艺最高水回收率的测定方法.结果表明，制冷温度宜比废水凝固点低5~7℃；由单级冷冻即可去除废水97%以上的氨氮、有机物和93%以上的盐；对于浓度为3%的溶液，可由冷冻浓缩提取97.75%的水分；基于制冷的冷冻浓缩工艺水处理效果良好、水回收率高、能耗低，在废水处理与再生领域具有巨大的应用潜力.图4表2参6
关键词：市政工程；废水处理；制冷；冷冻浓缩
E-mail：hgdyutao@tom.com |
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Application of refrigeration in wastewater treatment and recycle
YU Tao, MA J
Shandong Architecture University, Jinan 250000, China
Abstract Optimal refrigeration temperature, wastewater treatment effect, maximum water recovery rates, and energy consumption in freeze concentration technology based on refrigeration were investigated by the refrigeration experiment and the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiment. The results show that the suitable refrigeration temperature should be 5-7℃ lower than the freezing point of the wastewater. By single stage freezing, more than 97% of NH3-N, 97% of organic materials, and 93% of salts in the wastewater could be removed. For the wastewater with the concentration of 3%, 97.75% of water could be extracted by freeze concentration. It is likely that freeze concentration has the characteristics of excellent water treatment effect, higher water recovery rates and lower energy consumption. 6Refs. In Chinese.
Keywords Municipal engineering; Wastewater treatment; Refrigeration; Freeze concentration
E-mail：hgdyutao@tom.com |
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